{"id":7143,"date":"2025-11-05T18:15:23","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T13:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7143"},"modified":"2025-12-19T16:24:46","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T11:24:46","slug":"abai01","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7143","title":{"rendered":"abai01"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7143\" class=\"elementor elementor-7143\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6813c2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1c6813c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36401fb0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"36401fb0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d23b731 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6d23b731\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-457d0013 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"457d0013\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\" target=\"_blank\">auezovinstitute.kz \u0420\u0415\u0421\u041c\u0418 \u0421\u0410\u0419\u0422<\/a><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f26a315 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f26a315\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c167f13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c167f13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/\" target=\"_blank\">litart.kz \u0426\u0418\u0424\u0420\u041b\u042b\u049a \u041a\u0406\u0422\u0410\u041f\u0425\u0410\u041d\u0410<\/a><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de1e631 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"de1e631\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a87fe17 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3a87fe17\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-457713b3 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"457713b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22cdbba6 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"22cdbba6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-animation-pulse\" href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7263\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-home\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M280.37 148.26L96 300.11V464a16 16 0 0 0 16 16l112.06-.29a16 16 0 0 0 15.92-16V368a16 16 0 0 1 16-16h64a16 16 0 0 1 16 16v95.64a16 16 0 0 0 16 16.05L464 480a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V300L295.67 148.26a12.19 12.19 0 0 0-15.3 0zM571.6 251.47L488 182.56V44.05a12 12 0 0 0-12-12h-56a12 12 0 0 0-12 12v72.61L318.47 43a48 48 0 0 0-61 0L4.34 251.47a12 12 0 0 0-1.6 16.9l25.5 31A12 12 0 0 0 45.15 301l235.22-193.74a12.19 12.19 0 0 1 15.3 0L530.9 301a12 12 0 0 0 16.9-1.6l25.5-31a12 12 0 0 0-1.7-16.93z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cb796f7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4cb796f7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15c35147 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"15c35147\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/banner-1024x77.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7236\" alt=\"banner\" srcset=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/banner-1024x77.png 1024w, https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/banner-300x23.png 300w, https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/banner-768x58.png 768w, https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/banner-1536x116.png 1536w, https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/banner-2048x155.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a44a17 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a44a17\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2146aae elementor-nav-menu__align-end elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"2146aae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot; class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 320 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"\u041c\u0435\u043d\u044e\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-2146aae\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-7747\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\">\u0410\u0421\u042b\u041b \u041c\u04b0\u0420\u0410\u041b\u0410\u0420<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7748\"><a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/akadem01\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u049a\u04b1\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0439\u04b1\u043b\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7749\"><a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/ahmet\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0411\u0430\u0439\u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0441\u044b\u043d\u04b1\u043b\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7750\"><a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/akadem02\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u0416\u0430\u043c\u0431\u044b\u043b \u0416\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7751\"><a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/magjan-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u041c\u0430\u0493\u0436\u0430\u043d \u0416\u04b1\u043c\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7752\"><a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/akadem04\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u041c\u04b1\u0445\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7753\"><a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/kanyshsatbai\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">\u049a\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0448 \u0421\u04d9\u0442\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-menu-bar\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M104 333H896C929 333 958 304 958 271S929 208 896 208H104C71 208 42 237 42 271S71 333 104 333ZM104 583H896C929 583 958 554 958 521S929 458 896 458H104C71 458 42 487 42 521S71 583 104 583ZM104 833H896C929 833 958 804 958 771S929 708 896 708H104C71 708 42 737 42 771S71 833 104 833Z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-close\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M742 167L500 408 258 167C246 154 233 150 217 150 196 150 179 158 167 167 154 179 150 196 150 212 150 229 154 242 171 254L408 500 167 742C138 771 138 800 167 829 196 858 225 858 254 829L496 587 738 829C750 842 767 846 783 846 800 846 817 842 829 829 842 817 846 804 846 783 846 767 842 750 829 737L588 500 833 258C863 229 863 200 833 171 804 137 775 137 742 167Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-2146aae\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-7747\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u0410\u0421\u042b\u041b \u041c\u04b0\u0420\u0410\u041b\u0410\u0420<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7748\"><a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/akadem01\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u049a\u04b1\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0439\u04b1\u043b\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7749\"><a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/ahmet\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0411\u0430\u0439\u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0441\u044b\u043d\u04b1\u043b\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7750\"><a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/akadem02\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u0416\u0430\u043c\u0431\u044b\u043b \u0416\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7751\"><a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/magjan-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u041c\u0430\u0493\u0436\u0430\u043d \u0416\u04b1\u043c\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7752\"><a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/akadem04\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u041c\u04b1\u0445\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7753\"><a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/kanyshsatbai\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u049a\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0448 \u0421\u04d9\u0442\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ddcda96 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1ddcda96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-550c5cec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"550c5cec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12eed94b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"12eed94b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46a576c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"46a576c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"245\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/abai180-245x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-9402\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/abai180-245x300.png 245w, https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/abai180.png 525w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 245px) 100vw, 245px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-597f75e6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"597f75e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78fc62d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"78fc62d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u044b<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68615a23 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68615a23\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74982ba4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"74982ba4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-142e8438 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"142e8438\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57deb1a1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"57deb1a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63f70f3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"63f70f3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u049a\u04b1\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0439\u04b1\u043b\u044b\n(1845\u20131904)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fc5631 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5fc5631\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0410\u049b\u044b\u043d, \u0430\u0493\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0448\u044b, \u04b1\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0437, \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u04d9\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3, \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u04d9\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043d \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0443\u0448\u044b, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444, \u0441\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0435\u0440, \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0448\u044b, \u0441\u0430\u044f\u0441\u0438 \u049b\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0435\u0440.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10c801eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"10c801eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/abai3tom01.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-242201c0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"242201c0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37e0498a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37e0498a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5811dab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5811dab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"949\" src=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/abai-logo-scaled.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-12492\" alt=\"abai logo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/abai-logo-scaled.webp 2560w, https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/abai-logo-300x111.webp 300w, https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/abai-logo-1024x379.webp 1024w, https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/abai-logo-768x285.webp 768w, https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/abai-logo-1536x569.webp 1536w, https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/abai-logo-2048x759.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fe9b5c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2fe9b5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6eb1c5e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6eb1c5e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa90843 elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"5aa90843\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7172\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-phoenix-squadron\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M96 63.38C142.49 27.25 201.55 7.31 260.51 8.81c29.58-.38 59.11 5.37 86.91 15.33-24.13-4.63-49-6.34-73.38-2.45C231.17 27 191 48.84 162.21 80.87c5.67-1 10.78-3.67 16-5.86 18.14-7.87 37.49-13.26 57.23-14.83 19.74-2.13 39.64-.43 59.28 1.92-14.42 2.79-29.12 4.57-43 9.59-34.43 11.07-65.27 33.16-86.3 62.63-13.8 19.71-23.63 42.86-24.67 67.13-.35 16.49 5.22 34.81 19.83 44a53.27 53.27 0 0 0 37.52 6.74c15.45-2.46 30.07-8.64 43.6-16.33 11.52-6.82 22.67-14.55 32-24.25 3.79-3.22 2.53-8.45 2.62-12.79-2.12-.34-4.38-1.11-6.3.3a203 203 0 0 1-35.82 15.37c-20 6.17-42.16 8.46-62.1.78 12.79 1.73 26.06.31 37.74-5.44 20.23-9.72 36.81-25.2 54.44-38.77a526.57 526.57 0 0 1 88.9-55.31c25.71-12 52.94-22.78 81.57-24.12-15.63 13.72-32.15 26.52-46.78 41.38-14.51 14-27.46 29.5-40.11 45.18-3.52 4.6-8.95 6.94-13.58 10.16a150.7 150.7 0 0 0-51.89 60.1c-9.33 19.68-14.5 41.85-11.77 63.65 1.94 13.69 8.71 27.59 20.9 34.91 12.9 8 29.05 8.07 43.48 5.1 32.8-7.45 61.43-28.89 81-55.84 20.44-27.52 30.52-62.2 29.16-96.35-.52-7.5-1.57-15-1.66-22.49 8 19.48 14.82 39.71 16.65 60.83 2 14.28.75 28.76-1.62 42.9-1.91 11-5.67 21.51-7.78 32.43a165 165 0 0 0 39.34-81.07 183.64 183.64 0 0 0-14.21-104.64c20.78 32 32.34 69.58 35.71 107.48.49 12.73.49 25.51 0 38.23A243.21 243.21 0 0 1 482 371.34c-26.12 47.34-68 85.63-117.19 108-78.29 36.23-174.68 31.32-248-14.68A248.34 248.34 0 0 1 25.36 366 238.34 238.34 0 0 1 0 273.08v-31.34C3.93 172 40.87 105.82 96 63.38m222 80.33a79.13 79.13 0 0 0 16-4.48c5-1.77 9.24-5.94 10.32-11.22-8.96 4.99-17.98 9.92-26.32 15.7z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7172\" target=\"_blank\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u04d8\u0440 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0436\u0430\u0437\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0441\u044b\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b3b05ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b3b05ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6aee161e elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"6aee161e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7529\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-theater-masks\" viewBox=\"0 0 640 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M206.86 245.15c-35.88 10.45-59.95 41.2-57.53 74.1 11.4-12.72 28.81-23.7 49.9-30.92l7.63-43.18zM95.81 295L64.08 115.49c-.29-1.62.28-2.62.24-2.65 57.76-32.06 123.12-49.01 189.01-49.01 1.61 0 3.23.17 4.85.19 13.95-13.47 31.73-22.83 51.59-26 18.89-3.02 38.05-4.55 57.18-5.32-9.99-13.95-24.48-24.23-41.77-27C301.27 1.89 277.24 0 253.32 0 176.66 0 101.02 19.42 33.2 57.06 9.03 70.48-3.92 98.48 1.05 126.58l31.73 179.51c14.23 80.52 136.33 142.08 204.45 142.08 3.59 0 6.75-.46 10.01-.8-13.52-17.08-28.94-40.48-39.5-67.58-47.61-12.98-106.06-51.62-111.93-84.79zm97.55-137.46c-.73-4.12-2.23-7.87-4.07-11.4-8.25 8.91-20.67 15.75-35.32 18.32-14.65 2.58-28.67.4-39.48-5.17-.52 3.94-.64 7.98.09 12.1 3.84 21.7 24.58 36.19 46.34 32.37 21.75-3.82 36.28-24.52 32.44-46.22zM606.8 120.9c-88.98-49.38-191.43-67.41-291.98-51.35-27.31 4.36-49.08 26.26-54.04 54.36l-31.73 179.51c-15.39 87.05 95.28 196.27 158.31 207.35 63.03 11.09 204.47-53.79 219.86-140.84l31.73-179.51c4.97-28.11-7.98-56.11-32.15-69.52zm-273.24 96.8c3.84-21.7 24.58-36.19 46.34-32.36 21.76 3.83 36.28 24.52 32.45 46.22-.73 4.12-2.23 7.87-4.07 11.4-8.25-8.91-20.67-15.75-35.32-18.32-14.65-2.58-28.67-.4-39.48 5.17-.53-3.95-.65-7.99.08-12.11zm70.47 198.76c-55.68-9.79-93.52-59.27-89.04-112.9 20.6 25.54 56.21 46.17 99.49 53.78 43.28 7.61 83.82.37 111.93-16.6-14.18 51.94-66.71 85.51-122.38 75.72zm130.3-151.34c-8.25-8.91-20.68-15.75-35.33-18.32-14.65-2.58-28.67-.4-39.48 5.17-.52-3.94-.64-7.98.09-12.1 3.84-21.7 24.58-36.19 46.34-32.37 21.75 3.83 36.28 24.52 32.45 46.22-.73 4.13-2.23 7.88-4.07 11.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7529\" target=\"_blank\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u04d8\u0440 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0436\u0430\u0437\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u044d\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-485d870b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"485d870b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1547168b elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"1547168b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7764\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-crown\" viewBox=\"0 0 640 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M528 448H112c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v32c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h416c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16v-32c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16zm64-320c-26.5 0-48 21.5-48 48 0 7.1 1.6 13.7 4.4 19.8L476 239.2c-15.4 9.2-35.3 4-44.2-11.6L350.3 85C361 76.2 368 63 368 48c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48s-48 21.5-48 48c0 15 7 28.2 17.7 37l-81.5 142.6c-8.9 15.6-28.9 20.8-44.2 11.6l-72.3-43.4c2.7-6 4.4-12.7 4.4-19.8 0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48S0 149.5 0 176s21.5 48 48 48c2.6 0 5.2-.4 7.7-.8L128 416h384l72.3-192.8c2.5.4 5.1.8 7.7.8 26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48s-21.5-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7764\" target=\"_blank\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0414\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0456\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65c2b0c0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65c2b0c0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40f9a99e elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"40f9a99e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=10806\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-itunes-note\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M381.9 388.2c-6.4 27.4-27.2 42.8-55.1 48-24.5 4.5-44.9 5.6-64.5-10.2-23.9-20.1-24.2-53.4-2.7-74.4 17-16.2 40.9-19.5 76.8-25.8 6-1.1 11.2-2.5 15.6-7.4 6.4-7.2 4.4-4.1 4.4-163.2 0-11.2-5.5-14.3-17-12.3-8.2 1.4-185.7 34.6-185.7 34.6-10.2 2.2-13.4 5.2-13.4 16.7 0 234.7 1.1 223.9-2.5 239.5-4.2 18.2-15.4 31.9-30.2 39.5-16.8 9.3-47.2 13.4-63.4 10.4-43.2-8.1-58.4-58-29.1-86.6 17-16.2 40.9-19.5 76.8-25.8 6-1.1 11.2-2.5 15.6-7.4 10.1-11.5 1.8-256.6 5.2-270.2.8-5.2 3-9.6 7.1-12.9 4.2-3.5 11.8-5.5 13.4-5.5 204-38.2 228.9-43.1 232.4-43.1 11.5-.8 18.1 6 18.1 17.6.2 344.5 1.1 326-1.8 338.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=10806\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0411\u0456\u0437\u0433\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u04d9\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u043a\u04af\u0439\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6909d624 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6909d624\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3178c88e elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"3178c88e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7941\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0445\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-feather-alt\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M512 0C460.22 3.56 96.44 38.2 71.01 287.61c-3.09 26.66-4.84 53.44-5.99 80.24l178.87-178.69c6.25-6.25 16.4-6.25 22.65 0s6.25 16.38 0 22.63L7.04 471.03c-9.38 9.37-9.38 24.57 0 33.94 9.38 9.37 24.59 9.37 33.98 0l57.13-57.07c42.09-.14 84.15-2.53 125.96-7.36 53.48-5.44 97.02-26.47 132.58-56.54H255.74l146.79-48.88c11.25-14.89 21.37-30.71 30.45-47.12h-81.14l106.54-53.21C500.29 132.86 510.19 26.26 512 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7941\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0445\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0411\u0456\u0437\u0433\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u0445\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa72b94 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5aa72b94\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45f628e7 elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"45f628e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=8054\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"\u049a\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-pen-nib\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M136.6 138.79a64.003 64.003 0 0 0-43.31 41.35L0 460l14.69 14.69L164.8 324.58c-2.99-6.26-4.8-13.18-4.8-20.58 0-26.51 21.49-48 48-48s48 21.49 48 48-21.49 48-48 48c-7.4 0-14.32-1.81-20.58-4.8L37.31 497.31 52 512l279.86-93.29a64.003 64.003 0 0 0 41.35-43.31L416 224 288 96l-151.4 42.79zm361.34-64.62l-60.11-60.11c-18.75-18.75-49.16-18.75-67.91 0l-56.55 56.55 128.02 128.02 56.55-56.55c18.75-18.75 18.75-49.15 0-67.91z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=8054\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u049a\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u04af\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccff23 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ccff23\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d740bb1 elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"d740bb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/1909pdf\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 1909 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u044b \u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0442\u04b1\u04a3\u0493\u044b\u0448 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0441\u0456\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-book\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M448 360V24c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24H96C43 0 0 43 0 96v320c0 53 43 96 96 96h328c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24v-16c0-7.5-3.5-14.3-8.9-18.7-4.2-15.4-4.2-59.3 0-74.7 5.4-4.3 8.9-11.1 8.9-18.6zM128 134c0-3.3 2.7-6 6-6h212c3.3 0 6 2.7 6 6v20c0 3.3-2.7 6-6 6H134c-3.3 0-6-2.7-6-6v-20zm0 64c0-3.3 2.7-6 6-6h212c3.3 0 6 2.7 6 6v20c0 3.3-2.7 6-6 6H134c-3.3 0-6-2.7-6-6v-20zm253.4 250H96c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32 0-17.6 14.4-32 32-32h285.4c-1.9 17.1-1.9 46.9 0 64z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/litart.kz\/1909pdf\/\" target=\"_blank\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 1909 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u044b \u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0442\u04b1\u04a3\u0493\u044b\u0448 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0441\u0456\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2151a1f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2151a1f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6912176c elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"6912176c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=12447\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-file-image\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M369.9 97.9L286 14C277 5 264.8-.1 252.1-.1H48C21.5 0 0 21.5 0 48v416c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h288c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V131.9c0-12.7-5.1-25-14.1-34zM332.1 128H256V51.9l76.1 76.1zM48 464V48h160v104c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h104v288H48zm32-48h224V288l-23.5-23.5c-4.7-4.7-12.3-4.7-17 0L176 352l-39.5-39.5c-4.7-4.7-12.3-4.7-17 0L80 352v64zm48-240c-26.5 0-48 21.5-48 48s21.5 48 48 48 48-21.5 48-48-21.5-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=12447\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0416\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6277103b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6277103b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-127aad71 elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"127aad71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=8128\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"\u049a\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043c\u0448\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-praying-hands\" viewBox=\"0 0 640 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M272 191.91c-17.6 0-32 14.4-32 32v80c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16s-16-7.16-16-16v-76.55c0-17.39 4.72-34.47 13.69-49.39l77.75-129.59c9.09-15.16 4.19-34.81-10.97-43.91-14.45-8.67-32.72-4.3-42.3 9.21-.2.23-.62.21-.79.48l-117.26 175.9C117.56 205.9 112 224.31 112 243.29v80.23l-90.12 30.04A31.974 31.974 0 0 0 0 383.91v96c0 10.82 8.52 32 32 32 2.69 0 5.41-.34 8.06-1.03l179.19-46.62C269.16 449.99 304 403.8 304 351.91v-128c0-17.6-14.4-32-32-32zm346.12 161.73L528 323.6v-80.23c0-18.98-5.56-37.39-16.12-53.23L394.62 14.25c-.18-.27-.59-.24-.79-.48-9.58-13.51-27.85-17.88-42.3-9.21-15.16 9.09-20.06 28.75-10.97 43.91l77.75 129.59c8.97 14.92 13.69 32 13.69 49.39V304c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16s-16-7.16-16-16v-80c0-17.6-14.4-32-32-32s-32 14.4-32 32v128c0 51.89 34.84 98.08 84.75 112.34l179.19 46.62c2.66.69 5.38 1.03 8.06 1.03 23.48 0 32-21.18 32-32v-96c0-13.77-8.81-25.99-21.88-30.35z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=8128\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u049a\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043c\u0448\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u04e8\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u04d9\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0430\u043b\u0444\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0456\u043a \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0448\u0456, \u043a\u0456\u0441\u0456 \u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u049b\u044b\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0442\u044b \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0440\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d15d204 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d15d204\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27c1517 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27c1517\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc88f4f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc88f4f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67004f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"67004f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0410\u043b\u0493\u044b\u0441\u04e9\u0437<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2691c7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2691c7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u04e8\u0440\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u0435\u043b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435 \u04d9\u0440\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043a \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0443\u0456 \u04b1\u043b\u0442 \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u044b \u04af\u0448\u0456\u043d \u04af\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d \u043c\u04d9\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u049b\u04b1\u0431\u044b\u043b\u044b\u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b. \u041c\u04b1\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u043b\u044b\u049b \u04d9\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438, \u0441\u044b\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b, \u049b\u044b\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0456\u043a, \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430 \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430 \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0441\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d \u04e9\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043f, \u0434\u04d9\u0439\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438-\u0430\u043d\u044b\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043f, \u049b\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043f\u0442\u044b \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u04af\u0439\u0435\u0433\u0435 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0456. \u041c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u044b \u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0493\u044b\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f\u00ad\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0448\u044b \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0448\u044b\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b \u0436\u04e9\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0456 \u049b\u043e\u0493\u0430\u043c\u0434\u044b\u049b \u043f\u0456\u043a\u0456\u0440\u0434\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u00ad\u0493\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0493\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043f, \u049b\u0430\u043b\u044b\u04a3 \u043e\u049b\u044b\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d \u049b\u0430\u0443\u044b\u043c\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043f, \u043c\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u043f \u0431\u0430\u0493\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u043e\u049b\u0443\u043b\u044b\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0439\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0443\u0448\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0493\u0430, \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0448\u044b \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0448\u044b\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0443\u00ad\u0448\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0443\u0448\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0493\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0440\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u04b1\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043d \u0442\u04af\u043f\u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u044b. \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u00ad\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u04e9\u043c\u0456\u0440 \u0441\u04af\u0440\u0443\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u04e9\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0456\u043d \u043a\u0435\u04a3\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0456\u043f, \u043e\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u049b \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u04d9\u043b\u0435\u043c\u00ad\u0434\u0456\u043a \u043c\u04d9\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456 \u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043d \u0430\u0439\u049b\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b. \u049a\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u0442\u04af\u0440\u043b\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u049b\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0493\u044b \u0436\u0430\u04a3\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0440\u049b\u0430\u0437\u044b\u049b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043f, \u04b1\u043b\u0442\u0442\u044b\u049b \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043a \u049b\u043e\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u049b\u04b1\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043b\u044b \u043c\u04d9\u0439\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b.<\/p><p>\u0421\u043e\u043d\u0434\u044b\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043d \u04d9\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0434\u0456\u043a \u04d9\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430\u044f\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0443\u0493\u0430 \u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0448\u0435 \u043c\u04d9\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0456. \u041c\u04d9\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d, \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u00ab\u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d \u04af\u0439\u0456\u00bb (\u00ab\u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u043e\u043c\u00bb) \u043e\u0440\u044b\u0441 \u04d9\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0456 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 40-\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043a \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d-\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0448\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u049b\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043a\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u04af\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435.<\/p><p>\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d \u0434\u0430\u044f\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043f \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043f \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0456\u0441\u0456 \u049b\u0430\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u049b\u0438\u044b\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0493\u044b \u043c\u043e\u043b, \u0436\u0430\u0443\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456 \u0436\u043e\u0493\u0430\u0440\u044b, \u0430\u0441\u0430 \u043a\u04af\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043f \u043a\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0435\u043d, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043a. \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043f, \u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043f, \u0436\u04af\u0439\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043f \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043f \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u04e9\u0437 \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0456 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043a\u04e9\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0434\u044b\u049b \u0435\u04a3\u0431\u0435\u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0435\u043a\u0456 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0434\u044b\u049b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0493\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a \u0493\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b (\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439. \u0428\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0435\u043a\u0456 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0434\u044b\u049b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b. \u2013 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, 1995).<\/p><p>\u041e\u0441\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0456\u043c \u0456\u0448\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0493\u0430 \u049b\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440, \u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u043a\u04e9\u0437\u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440, \u0437\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0493\u044b\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0436\u0430\u04a3\u0430 \u04e9\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0456 \u0430\u0448\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u044b.<\/p><p>\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431 \u04d9\u043b\u0456\u043f\u0431\u0438\u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0433\u0435\u043d \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d\u043d\u044b\u04a3 1909 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0493\u044b \u0442\u04b1\u04a3\u0493\u044b\u0448 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b \u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0456 \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043c\u044b\u0448 \u043a\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043f \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0448\u044b\u049b\u049b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0435\u0439\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0456 \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u0435\u043f \u0435\u043a\u0456 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u049b\u0430 \u0431\u04e9\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b. \u0410\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448\u049b\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043f\u049b\u0430 \u0436\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043d 5 \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u04af\u0448\u0435\u0443\u0456 (1906, 1907, 1910) \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0442\u04af\u043f\u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043f \u0436\u04af\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d, \u041c\u04af\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0439\u0456\u0442 \u0411\u0456\u043a\u0456\u04b1\u043b\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u04e9\u0437 \u0430\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0433\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0445\u0430\u0442\u049b\u0430 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043f \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u049b\u0430\u043d \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456. \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043a \u04d8\u043b\u043a\u0435\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0493\u04b1\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043f\u049b\u0430\u043d \u0421.\u0428\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0412.\u0410.\u041a\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0432 \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043f\u049b\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0456. \u049a\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u04d9\u0440\u0442\u04af\u0440\u043b\u0456 \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435 1909 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0493\u044b \u043a\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u049b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0433\u0435\u043d \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b.<\/p><p>\u04d8\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0431\u04b1\u043b \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u049b\u0430\u0439-\u049b\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044b\u0441\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u04e9\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u04e9\u043b \u0430\u0442\u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043d \u049b\u04b1\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0493\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0440. \u0414\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b \u04d9\u043b\u0456 \u0434\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u049b\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f, \u04e9\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f, \u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043f, \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0493\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0435 \u049b\u043e\u0439\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0436\u043e\u049b. \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0448\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0493\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0434\u0456 \u0493\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u04d9\u043b\u0456\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0436\u0430\u0442\u049b\u0430\u043d \u0436\u0430\u04a3\u0430 \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0440.<\/p><p>\u041a\u0435\u0439\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0456 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0431\u0456\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456, \u0410\u043b\u0430\u0448 \u0430\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0435\u04a3\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456, \u043a\u04e9\u0437\u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456, \u0448\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0448\u044b \u0493\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0410\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0418\u0441\u0430\u04b1\u043b\u044b 1909 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u044b \u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0448\u044b\u049b\u049b\u0430\u043d \u00ab\u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0448\u0438\u0493\u044b\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u00bb \u0434\u0435\u043f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043d \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0437 \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0456\u043d \u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0493\u0430 \u049b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b (\u00ab\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u00bb \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b, 1999, \u2116 1). \u0411\u04b1\u043b \u2013 \u043e\u0441\u044b \u0443\u0430\u049b\u044b\u0442\u049b\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0456\u043d \u0430\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0456\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a. \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u04b1\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u049b\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0436\u0430\u04a3\u0430 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b, \u0441\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044b\u043f\u049b\u0430\u0448\u043f\u0430 \u0430\u049b\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043f \u0436\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0434\u044b. \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0456\u043a \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d \u04e9\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u043c\u0430\u04a3\u044b\u0437\u0434\u044b\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b \u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0493\u044b\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043d \u041c.\u041e.\u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u04d8\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u04e9\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u044b 2020 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u044b \u00ab\u0416\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0448\u044b\u00bb \u0431\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043a\u04e9\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0434\u044b\u049b \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430, \u0436\u0430\u043b\u043f\u044b \u0436\u04b1\u0440\u0442\u0448\u044b\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043f\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u04a3 \u0431\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0434\u044b.<\/p><p>\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 1909, 1916, 1922 (\u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d, \u0422\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0442), 1933, 1939\u20131940, 1945, 1954, 1957, 1961, 1977, 1995 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u0441\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0441\u00ad\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a, \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0443\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043a\u04af\u0440\u00ad\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u0434\u0435 \u049b\u0438\u044b\u043d \u0436\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u043d \u04e9\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0437. \u0421\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0456\u0448\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0456 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0441\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0442\u049b\u0430 \u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b, \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d, \u041c.\u041e.\u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u04d8\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u04e9\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0493\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u043a\u04e9\u0437\u0456 \u0442\u0456\u0440\u0456 \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u041c.\u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0456\u04a3 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0448\u044b\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0439\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043d.<\/p><p>\u0414\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u04d9\u0440 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0430\u0439\u044b\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043f, \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0442\u04af\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0435\u043d\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043f \u043a\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0436\u0430\u0442\u049b\u0430\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u04d9\u043b\u0456 \u0434\u0435 \u0442\u04af\u043f-\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0441\u0430\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u044b\u0440\u049b\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0435 \u04e9\u0437\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u043a\u0435\u043d \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456, \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456 \u0442\u04af\u0440\u043b\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u049b\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u0436\u0430\u04a3\u0441\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0440, \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0493\u0430 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u0440\u0443, \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043f \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u049b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0436\u043e\u049b \u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441.<\/p><p>\u041e\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u04af\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u041c\u04b1\u0445\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0456\u04a3 \u0434\u0435 \u049b\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u0443, \u0430\u044f\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u04b1\u0441\u0430\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0435\u04a3\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043a \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043d \u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043f, \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043f, \u0436\u04af\u0439\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043f \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0443 \u0456\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435 \u04e9\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u049b\u044b\u043d\u044b\u043d \u0442\u0438\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0434\u0456. \u041c\u04d9\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d, \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u0428\u044b\u0493\u044b\u0441 \u04d9\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0493\u0430, \u0434\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b \u04b1\u0493\u044b\u043c-\u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435, \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0434\u04af\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443, \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u043b\u0456\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u049b\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b \u04e9\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0456\u043a \u04b1\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u04d9\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u043c\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d \u0435\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0430\u049b \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456. \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u043e\u0440\u044b\u0441 \u04d9\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0436\u0430\u04a3\u0493\u044b\u0440\u044b\u0493\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443, \u043e\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0442\u04e9\u043b\u0442\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u04af\u043c\u04d9\u043d \u043a\u0435\u043b\u0442\u0456\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u044f\u049b\u0442\u044b \u043a\u04e9\u0437\u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0434\u044b.<\/p><p>\u049a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u04d9\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043a\u0435\u043d\u0436\u0435 \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0443\u044b \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u04b1\u043b \u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0435\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043f\u0430\u0439 \u049b\u043e\u0439\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0436\u043e\u049b.<\/p><p>\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043f, \u0436\u0430\u043b\u043f\u0430\u049b \u0436\u04b1\u0440\u0442\u049b\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0493\u0430\u043d <br \/>1909 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u00ad\u0493\u044b \u0442\u04b1\u04a3\u0493\u044b\u0448 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u041a\u04d9\u043a\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0439, \u0422\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0493\u04b1\u043b \u049b\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043f, <br \/>\u04d8\u043b\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043d, \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u049b\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043d \u04e9\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0431\u0456\u0437\u0433\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456.\u00a0\u041c\u04af\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0439\u0456\u0442 \u0411\u0456\u043a\u0456\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u04e9\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u0435 \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0456\u043a \u0430\u0443\u044b\u0442\u049b\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0440 \u0430\u0437 \u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441.<\/p><p>\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0448\u0430 \u0442\u04af\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456\u043f, \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u04af\u0439\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u044b 1933 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u044b \u049a\u044b\u0437\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b \u043c\u04d9\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0434\u0456. \u0416\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b \u049b\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043f, \u0430\u043b\u0493\u044b\u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0456\u043d \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0493\u0430\u043d \u2013 \u0406\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0441 \u0416\u0430\u043d\u0441\u04af\u0433\u0456\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0411\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u04b1\u043b\u0442 \u04af\u0439\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043f \u0436\u04af\u0440\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0435, \u041c.\u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0456\u043a\u0456 \u0435\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u04e9\u0437\u0456 \u0436\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043f, \u043a\u04e9\u04a3\u0456\u043b\u0456 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043d \u043a\u04e9\u043f\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456 \u043e\u0441\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u049b\u0430 \u0436\u0430\u04a3\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d \u049b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b. \u0421\u043e\u043b \u0441\u0438\u044f\u049b\u0442\u044b \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0442\u04b1\u04a3\u0493\u044b\u0448 \u043a\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d, \u04d9\u0440\u0442\u04af\u0440\u043b\u0456 \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0448\u044b\u0440\u0430\u04a3\u049b\u044b \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u00ad\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043f \u0436\u04af\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448 \u0440\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u049a\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u00bb \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0430\u0442\u043f\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0441\u044b \u043a\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043f\u049b\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0456.<\/p><p>\u049a\u0430\u043d\u0448\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u049b\u044b\u0441\u043f\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043d \u04e9\u0442\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0435, \u0435\u043b \u0456\u0448\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0456\u043d \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430 \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0436\u0430\u0442\u049b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0493\u044b, \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d-\u0430\u044f\u049b \u0436\u0430\u0442\u049b\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0434\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0456 \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0456\u0433\u0456 \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0445\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u044b\u049b\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u04e9\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u043e\u0493\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0456\u0441\u0456. \u0421\u043e\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043d\u04d9\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435, \u049b\u04b1\u0440\u0434\u044b\u043c\u0493\u0430 \u043a\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u04b1\u0437\u044b\u043d-\u044b\u0440\u0493\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043f, \u0435\u043b \u0438\u0433\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b. \u00ab\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u043a\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a, \u0437\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0443 \u043a\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0456 \u0431\u04d9\u0440\u0456\u043c\u0456\u0437 \u0434\u0435 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0456\u043a. \u041a\u04af\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043d \u2013 \u043a\u04af\u043d, \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u043d \u2013 \u0436\u044b\u043b \u04e9\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0430\u0439\u044b\u043d \u043e\u0441\u044b \u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u043a\u04e9\u04a3\u0456\u043b \u0431\u04e9\u043b\u0456\u043f, \u0437\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0448\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439\u044b\u043f \u043a\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0456\u00bb, \u2013 \u0434\u0435\u043f, \u049b\u0443\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434\u044b \u043e\u043b \u0436\u04e9\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u043b\u0456\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0456\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0443\u0448\u044b (\u041c\u04b1\u0445\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432. \u0428\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 50 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0434\u044b\u049b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b. \u2013 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, 2014. 15-\u0442. 30-\u0431).<\/p><p>\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u044b\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0439\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0443\u0493\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043b\u043f\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u049b\u0442\u044b\u043d-\u043e\u049b\u0442\u044b\u043d \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0493\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u044b\u043d\u044b\u043f \u043a\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0456.<\/p><p>\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0436\u04b1\u043c\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0436\u04af\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043a\u04e9\u0437\u0456 \u0442\u0456\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0441\u049b\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0442\u04af\u043f \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0443\u044b \u049b\u0430\u0439 \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d \u04af\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d \u049b\u0438\u044b\u043d\u0448\u044b\u043b\u044b\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0442\u0443\u0493\u044b\u0437\u044b\u043f \u043a\u0435\u043b\u0434\u0456. \u0411\u0456\u0437\u0433\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u04d9\u0440\u043a\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456, \u043e\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b \u043e\u049b\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0448\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0440 \u043f\u0456\u043a\u0456\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0430\u043b\u0430-\u049b\u04b1\u043b\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b \u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0456\u043f\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043a\u04af\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0456\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0456. \u0414\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0493\u0430\u043d\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448\u049b\u044b \u0442\u0430\u0441\u049b\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043d 1909 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0493\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u043c\u0430\u04a3\u044b\u0437\u044b\u043d \u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0448\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043f \u04e9\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u0436\u04e9\u043d. \u04e8\u0439\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0443\u0456 \u043e\u0441\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u044b \u04d9\u0437\u0456\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u0410\u043b\u0430\u0448 \u043a\u04e9\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0456 \u04d8\u043b\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043d <br \/>\u0411\u04e9\u043a\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u0442\u0456\u043a\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0440\u0443\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0435\u0442-\u0436\u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d \u0442\u0443\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b, \u0448\u04d9\u043a\u0456\u0440\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u041a\u04d9\u043a\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u042b\u0441\u049b\u0430\u049b\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0422\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0493\u04b1\u043b \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u04b1\u043b\u044b, \u041c\u04af\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0439\u0456\u0442 \u0411\u0456\u043a\u0456\u04b1\u043b\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043f \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0448\u044b\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043d \u0436\u0430\u049b\u0441\u044b \u0431\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0436\u04b1\u043c\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0441\u049b\u0430\u043d. \u0421\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0439-\u0430\u049b, \u04d8.\u0411\u04e9\u043a\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 1903 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u044b \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043a\u04e9\u0437\u0456 \u0442\u0456\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d \u0442\u04d9\u0440\u0436\u0456\u043c\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0436\u04e9\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435, \u043a\u0435\u0439\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043d 1905 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u044b \u00ab\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u00bb \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0430\u0439 \u00ab\u0410\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u00bb \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b (\u04d8.\u0411\u04e9\u043a\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u04b1\u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0441\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u04e9\u043c\u0456\u0440\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0448\u044b\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u049b\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043f, \u0436\u04af\u0439\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d \u041a.\u042b\u0441\u049b\u0430\u049b\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043d). \u0410\u043b \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0411\u0430\u0439\u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0441\u044b\u043d\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448\u049b\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u0456\u0440\u0456 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0431\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u04e9\u0437 \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u04d9\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3 \u04e9\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043d \u0430\u0439\u049b\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043f, \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b, \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u043a\u0435\u043c\u0434\u0456\u043a-\u044d\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0448\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u0436\u0430\u043d-\u0436\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0443 \u0436\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b. \u041e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0430, \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448\u049b\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043d \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043c\u044b\u0448 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0443\u0456\u043d\u0435, \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u04af\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0493\u0430 \u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043f, \u0445\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0435\u04a3 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0443\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0430\u0448 \u0430\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b \u04d8\u043b\u0438\u0445\u0430\u043d \u0411\u04e9\u043a\u0435\u0439\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u043d \u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0411\u0430\u0439\u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0441\u044b\u043d\u04b1\u043b\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0430\u0439\u0440\u044b\u049b\u0448\u0430 \u044b\u049b\u043f\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0430\u0439\u0442\u0443\u044b\u043c\u044b\u0437 \u049b\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442.<\/p><p>2020 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0493\u044b \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 1909 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0493\u044b \u043a\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0493\u044b \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0435\u0439\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f, \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0448\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043f\u0456\u043a\u0456\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u049b\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u044b\u043d\u044b\u043f, \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043b\u049b\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043b\u049b\u044b\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043f, \u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7719688 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7719688\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59b7c04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59b7c04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u041c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0456 \u0434\u04af\u0434\u04d9\u043c\u0430\u043b \u043c\u04d9\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456 \u0430\u043d\u044b\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043c\u044b\u0448 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b \u0448\u044b\u049b\u049b\u0430\u043d\u0493\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u00ad\u0439\u0456\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043f \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0448\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u04af\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0493\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u044b\u043d\u0434\u044b. \u041c\u04af\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0439\u0456\u0442 \u0411\u0456\u043a\u0456\u04b1\u043b\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0442\u04af\u043f\u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0430-\u0431\u0430\u0440 \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456, \u0422\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0493\u04b1\u043b \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u04b1\u043b\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u0456\u0437\u0433\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0441\u044b\u043d\u0434\u044b \u049b\u04b1\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435-\u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440 1909 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0493\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0493\u044b \u049b\u0438\u043b\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0456\u043a, \u043e\u0440\u0444\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u2013 \u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435 \u0436\u0430\u04a3\u0441\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d \u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0493\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441, \u043e\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0435\u043d\u0431\u0435\u0439 \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b \u0442\u04af\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u0435 \u04af\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0493\u043b\u04b1\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d \u0431\u04d9\u0441\u0456 \u0436\u043e\u0493\u0430\u0440\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440. 1909 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0493\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u049b\u0430 \u04d9\u0440\u0442\u04af\u0440\u043b\u0456 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043f\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0435\u043d\u0431\u0435\u0439 \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u00ab\u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u00bb \u0434\u0435\u043f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0441\u044b \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d.<\/p><p>\u0421\u043e\u043b \u0441\u0438\u044f\u049b\u0442\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043a\u0456 \u049b\u0430\u0434\u0456\u043c \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0430\u0493\u0430\u0439\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0441\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u04af\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u049b\u044b\u043b\u0443\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043c\u04d9\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0430\u0437 \u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441. \u0411\u04b1\u043b \u043e\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430, \u0410.\u0411\u0430\u0439\u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0441\u044b\u043d\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u04d9\u043b\u0456\u043f\u0431\u0438\u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d \u049b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0433\u0435\u043d \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u04a3\u044b\u0437\u044b \u0436\u043e\u0493\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0434\u044b. \u0421\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0456\u0448\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0428\u044b\u0493\u044b\u0441 \u0422\u04af\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0428\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0456\u04a3 \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u04d9\u0437\u0456\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u00ab\u0425\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0435\u0440-\u043a\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043f\u00bb \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0439\u043c\u04d9\u043b\u0456\u043c \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u00ad\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430 (\u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0493\u0430 \u049b\u043e\u0441\u049b\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0422.\u0416\u04b1\u0440\u0442\u0431\u0430\u0439) \u049b\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u044b\u043d\u0434\u044b. \u0411\u04b1\u043b\u0430\u0440 \u2012 \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 1909 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0493\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0428\u04d9\u043a\u04d9\u0440\u0456\u043c\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430 \u0434\u04d9\u043f\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043f \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0433\u0435\u043d \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440.<\/p><p>2020 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0493\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0430\u044f\u0440\u043b\u0430\u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0445\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0442\u04d9\u0436\u0456\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0448\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0456. \u0415\u04a3 \u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u043e\u0441\u044b \u0443\u0430\u049b\u044b\u0442\u049b\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0456\u043d \u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f, \u049b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b. \u04d8\u0441\u0456\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435, 1933, 1957, 1961 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0493\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0441 \u0430\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0448\u044b \u041c.\u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u043d\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0436\u0430\u04a3\u0430 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b. \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u04af\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u04af\u043b\u0435\u0441 \u049b\u043e\u0441\u049b\u0430\u043d \u049a. \u041c\u04b1\u049b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0411.\u0411\u0430\u0439\u0493\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432, \u0417.\u0410\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0416.\u042b\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0493\u04b1\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u041c.\u041c\u044b\u0440\u0437\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0435\u0442\u04b1\u043b\u044b \u0441\u044b\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0456 \u0430\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0448\u044b-\u0493\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0439-\u043f\u0430\u0439\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0493\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u044b\u043d\u0434\u044b. \u0421\u043e\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u049b\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440, \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043c\u044b\u0448 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0437\u043c\u04b1\u043d\u0434\u044b\u049b-\u049b\u04b1\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u044b\u049b \u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0493\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0436\u04af\u0439\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u041c\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0456\u043a \u0441\u044b\u0439\u043b\u044b\u049b\u049b\u0430 \u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 1995 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0493\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0435\u04a3 \u0441\u043e\u04a3\u0493\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0434\u044b. \u04d8\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u0435\u04a3\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0456\u043b\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0441\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0440 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u041c.\u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u04af\u0437\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0436\u04af\u0439\u0435\u0441\u0456 \u0441\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b. \u0422\u04af\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u04af\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0435 \u0436\u0443\u044b\u049b \u049b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0430\u0437\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b. \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u04d9\u0436\u0456\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448 \u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0441 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u044b\u043d\u0448\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0439\u044b, \u0442\u04af\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0456 \u0442\u04af\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0436\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b. \u041c\u044b\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u00ab\u0422\u0430\u0439\u0493\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0456\u043a\u00bb \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0435\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0448\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0442\u04e9\u0440\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456, \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b:<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">\u00ab\u0410\u0440\u0442 \u0436\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430,<br \/>\u0411\u0456\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0440,<br \/>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u043f \u0431\u0456\u043b\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0456\u043a\u00bb, \u2012<\/p><p>\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b\u04a3\u0493\u044b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u04d9\u0440\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3 \u0436\u043e\u043b\u044b \u04af\u0442\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0431\u04e9\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043f \u0436\u0430\u0437\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b. \u041e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0438\u044f\u049b\u0442\u044b \u00ab\u04d8\u0431\u0434\u0456\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u04d9\u0439\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u041c\u0430\u0493\u044b\u0448\u049b\u0430 \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0436\u043e\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0443\u00bb \u0442\u0443\u044b\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b:<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">\u00ab\u0416\u04af\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456 \u0436\u0430\u0437\u044b\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0441,<br \/>\u0422\u0430\u0493\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0441\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043d\u00bb, \u2012<\/p><p>\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0456\u043d \u049b\u043e\u0441 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u049b \u0442\u0430 \u04af\u0442\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043f \u043a\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0456. \u0411\u04b1\u043b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d (\u0438\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0435\u043d) \u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f, \u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0493\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0439\u0434\u044b \u0431\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0456\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043a \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u043c\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b-\u049b\u04b1\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u044b\u049b \u0442\u04b1\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u04d9\u0439\u043a\u0435\u0441 \u0442\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0441 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0431\u043e\u00ad\u0439\u044b\u043d\u0448\u0430 \u0442\u04e9\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u04af\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0456:<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">\u00ab\u0410\u0440\u0442 \u0436\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430<br \/>\u0411\u0456\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0440<br \/>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u043f \u0431\u0456\u043b\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0456\u043a\u00bb.<br \/>\u00ab\u0416\u04af\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456 \u0436\u0430\u0437\u044b\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0441<br \/>\u0422\u0430\u0493\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0441\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043d\u00bb.<\/p><p>\u0411\u04b1\u043b \u0436\u0430\u04a3\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430 \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0431\u04e9\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u00ad\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0442\u04af\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u04e9\u043f \u0436\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b.<\/p><p>\u041e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430, \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043f \u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0456\u043a \u0431\u0456\u0440 \u043d\u04d9\u0440\u0441\u0435 \u2012 \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u04b1\u043b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u044b\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0439\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0493\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043d \u04d9\u0437\u0456\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0456\u0437\u0433\u0435 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0435 \u049b\u043e\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0435 \u04d9\u043b\u0456 \u043a\u04af\u043d\u0433\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0456\u043d \u0448\u0435\u0448\u0456\u043c\u0456\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043c\u04d9\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b. \u0410\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b, \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 1945 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0493\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u00ab\u041e\u0439\u0493\u0430 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043c, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u043c\u00bb \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043b \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043f \u043c\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043b\u0443\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u041c.\u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0456\u04a3 \u04e9\u0437\u0456 \u0434\u0435 \u043a\u04af\u043c\u04d9\u043d \u043a\u0435\u043b\u0442\u0456\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0437\u00bb \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0441\u04e9\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0440 (\u00ab\u0411\u04d9\u0440\u0456 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0434\u044b \u04e9\u0437\u0456\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\/\/ \u0422\u04d9\u04a3\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0437 \u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u00bb). \u0421\u043e\u043b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430 \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0440 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043f\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043d: \u00ab\u041c\u04b1\u043d\u044b \u049a\u0430\u0439\u044b\u043c (\u041c\u04b1\u049b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u2012 \u0440\u0435\u0434.)\u00bb \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0437\u00bb \u0431\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0435\u043d, \u0436\u043e\u049b, \u00ab\u0430\u0437\u0430\u00bb \u043c\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0435\u043d\u00bb \u0434\u0435\u043f \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434\u044b. \u041c\u04b1\u0445\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u00ab\u0430\u0437\u0430\u00bb \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043f \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0456 \u049b\u043e\u044f\u0434\u044b, \u04d9\u0437\u0456\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0437\u00bb \u0434\u0435\u043f \u0436\u0456\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456\u043a\u00bb \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0433\u0435\u043d. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0431\u04d9\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u04b1\u043b \u0441\u04e9\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u043b \u0442\u04af\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043b\u043c\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d \u049b\u0430\u043b\u043f\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0437\u00bb \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f \u043a\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0456. \u041e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0443\u0493\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u0456\u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0436\u0430\u043b\u043f\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0435\u043b\u0456\u043f \u04d9\u0440\u0456 \u043e\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043c\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043b\u0443 \u044b\u04a3\u0493\u0430\u0439\u044b\u043d\u0430, \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456, \u0430\u0439\u0442\u0443\u0448\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0430\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0436\u0430\u0437\u044b\u043f \u0430\u043b\u044b\u043d\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0456 \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456\u04a3 \u043e\u0440\u0444\u043e\u044d\u043f\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0442\u04b1\u0440\u0493\u044b\u0434\u0430 \u04e9\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0436\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u04af\u0439\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043f (\u043d\u0430\u0437(\u0430) \u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441), \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043b\u049b\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0430\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0448\u044b \u0422.\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0439 \u04b1\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0493\u0430\u043d \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u00bb \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d \u049b\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0434\u044b. \u042f\u0493\u043d\u0438, \u0431\u04b1\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0436\u043e\u0493\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u0442\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u049b \u00ab\u0422\u04d9\u04a3\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u00bb \u0434\u0435\u043f \u043e\u049b\u044b\u043b\u0443\u0493\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u0456\u0441. \u041d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430, \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0456 \u0436\u043e\u049b \u0431\u04b1\u043b \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3 \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0456, \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0435\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456, \u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u0448 \u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u04af\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0456\u043f \u043e\u0442\u044b\u0440.<\/p><p>\u0422\u0430\u0493\u044b \u0431\u0456\u0440 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u0430\u043b: \u043c\u04d9\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d, \u043a\u04e9\u043f \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456, \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u049b\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044b\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430, \u0442\u0456\u043f\u0442\u0456, 1995 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0493\u044b \u0435\u043a\u0456 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0434\u044b\u049b \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u041b\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0493\u0430\u043d \u00ab\u0428\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d\u00bb \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u00ab\u0422\u04af\u0433\u0435\u043b \u0431\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043c \u049b\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u0435\u043f \u0456\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u00bb, \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0439-\u0430\u049b, \u00ab\u041e\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043d \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3\u00bb (\u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0442\u04d9\u0440\u0436\u0456\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043d) \u00ab\u0416\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043c \u0436\u0430\u049b\u0441\u044b\u043c\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0435\u043a\u0456 \u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u00bb \u0434\u0435\u043f \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f \u043a\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u049b\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 (\u00ab\u0442\u04af\u0433\u0435\u043b \u0431\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043c\u00bb, \u00ab\u0435\u043a\u0456 \u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u00bb) \u043e\u0441\u044b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430 \u0436\u043e\u0493\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u04b1\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0493\u0430 \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435 \u0448\u044b\u049b\u049b\u0430\u043d (\u043c\u044b\u0441., 1945) \u043a\u0435\u0439\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0493\u0430 \u0441\u04af\u0439\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043f, \u0442\u04af\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0456: \u00ab\u0442\u04af\u0433\u0435\u043b \u0431\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043c\u00bb \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u0435\u043a\u0456 \u0435\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u00bb. \u042f\u0493\u043d\u0438, \u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b\u04a3\u0493\u044b \u0442\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441 \u0435\u0443\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430, \u043e\u0440\u044b\u0441 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u04d9\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0431\u0456\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u04af\u043b\u0433\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0456\u043b\u0456 \u0448\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0431\u0456\u0440 \u043e\u049b\u0448\u0430\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0456\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0441\u0430, \u0435\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0456 \u041e\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u04e9\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u04e9\u0437\u0456 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u049b\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0441\u04e9\u0437 \u2012 \u043a\u0435\u0439\u0456\u043f\u043a\u0435\u0440 \u04e9\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u0436\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u049b\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u0436\u0430\u049b\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0435\u043a\u0456 \u0435\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043d (\u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043c, \u043a\u04e9\u043f, \u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b\u049b \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430) \u0435\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d \u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b\u043f \u043e\u0442\u044b\u0440. \u0410\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3 \u0436\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0431\u04b1\u043b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430 \u00ab\u0422\u04af\u0433\u0435\u043b \u0431\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043c \u049b\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0440 \u0434\u0435\u043f \u0456\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u00bb \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u0416\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043c \u0436\u0430\u049b\u0441\u044b\u043c\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0435\u043a\u0456 \u0435\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u00bb \u0434\u0435\u043f \u0442\u04af\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0456. \u0422\u0430\u0493\u044b \u043e\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u0456\u0440\u049b\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u043c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0456\u043a \u0442\u04af\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0441\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u04e9\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0456\u043a \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0448\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b.<\/p><p>\u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0435\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u00ab\u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u00bb \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043f \u043a\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u0493\u0430\u049b\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u04b1\u0440\u044b\u043d \u04d9\u0440 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435 \u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f, \u049b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0434\u044b. \u0416\u0438\u0456 \u04b1\u0448\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043d \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431-\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044b \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0456\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 (\u0422.\u049a\u044b\u0434\u044b\u0440, \u041f.\u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0441\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430) \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0456. \u04d8\u0441\u0456\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435, \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0456\u0448\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0456 \u0435\u04a3 \u043a\u04af\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0456 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043d 38-\u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0456 (\u00ab\u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0441\u0434\u0438\u049b\u00bb \u2013 \u00ab\u0418\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0431\u044b\u00bb) \u049b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f, \u0442\u04af\u043f\u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0441\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u049b\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043f, \u0430\u0443\u049b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u044b \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043a (\u0422.\u049a\u044b\u0434\u044b\u0440) \u0436\u0430\u0437\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b. \u0410\u0443\u044b\u0442\u049b\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u044b\u049b\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0434\u04b1\u0440\u044b\u0441 \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0456.<\/p><p>\u0416\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b \u049b\u04b1\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u044b \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0443\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0456, \u04d9\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0415.\u0428\u04af\u043a\u0456\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043c\u04b1\u049b\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043f, \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0439\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b (\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0441\u044b\u043d \u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440: \u0422.\u049a\u043e\u04a3\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0431\u0430\u0439, \u0422.\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0439). \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0493\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0434\u0456.<\/p><p>\u00ab\u0411\u0456\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0441\u04e9\u0437 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b\u04a3 \u0442\u04af\u0431\u0456 \u049b\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0448\u044b\u049b\u049b\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b\u00bb, \u00ab\u0421\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u049b\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0442\u00bb, \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0456 \u049b\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0441\u044b\u043f, \u049b\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d \u049b\u043e\u0439\u0493\u0430\u043d \u00ab\u049a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u049b\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0415\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u00bb \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0442\u0443\u044b\u0441\u049b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0436\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0493\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0456\u0440\u0435\u0440 \u0445\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0442\u04af\u043f\u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0441\u00ad\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0456.<\/p><p>\u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u04af\u0448\u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u049b\u044b\u043d\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0442\u04b1\u04a3\u0493\u044b\u0448 \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0493\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 (1909) \u043b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0440\u0433\u0456 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0433\u0435\u043d \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0441\u044b, \u043e\u043d \u0435\u043a\u0456 \u043a\u04e9\u0448\u0456\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u049b\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043a\u0435\u04a3\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0456\u043b\u0433\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0434\u0456. \u0416\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b \u0430\u0443\u049b\u044b\u043c\u044b\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044b\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0439 \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0493\u044b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u00ab\u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043a\u04e9\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0434\u044b\u049b \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043a\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d.<\/p><p>\u041c\u04d9\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0441\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0440 \u0436\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043f, \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0456 \u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0430\u043d \u04e9\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u04b0\u0492\u0410 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0456 \u041a.\u041c\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u049a.\u041c\u04d9\u0434\u0456\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b: \u0422.\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0439, \u041f.\u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0441\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0422.\u049a\u044b\u0434\u044b\u0440, \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0440: \u0411.\u0422\u04b1\u0440\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0439\u04b1\u043b\u044b, \u0410.\u0416\u04b1\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u041d.\u041c\u0430\u0493\u0430\u0437\u00ad\u0431\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u049b\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0441\u0442\u044b.<\/p><p>\u0415\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0493\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043d \u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0441\u049b\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u049b\u0430 \u04d9\u0437\u0456\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u2013 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0493\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0421.\u049a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0422.\u049a\u044b\u0434\u044b\u0440.<\/p><p>\u049a\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0441\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d \u0436\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043f, 1909 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0493\u044b \u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u049b\u0442\u044b \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0440\u0433\u0456 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d, \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0493\u044b \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431-\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044b \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0456\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0442\u04af\u0441\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043f, \u0431\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0493\u0430 \u04d9\u0437\u0456\u0440\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u2013 \u0422.\u049a\u044b\u0434\u044b\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u041f.\u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0441\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430.<\/p><p>\u0428\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u04d9\u043b\u0456\u043f\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0456\u043a \u0436\u04d9\u043d\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0456\u043c\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u04e9\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0448\u0456\u043d, \u043f\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u04d9\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043c\u0456\u043d \u0410.\u0416\u04b1\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u041d.\u041c\u0430\u0493\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0436\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434\u044b.<\/p><p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043b\u049b\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043d<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d57209d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4d57209d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b83e458 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b83e458\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15aafa22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15aafa22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0\u00a9 \u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u044b, 2023-2026<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d78da4c e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d78da4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bad57d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23bad57d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u04d9\u0437\u0456\u0440\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043d \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u043c\u04d9\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0456\u0440\u0456 \u0442\u04b1\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0448\u044b\u0493\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f\u043b\u044b\u049b \u0431\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044b\u04a3 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0441\u044b<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-525be38b e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"525be38b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ff9a65 elementor-shape-rounded elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"3ff9a65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-fa0f68d\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/auezovinstitute\/?ref=bookmarks\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-facebook\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256c0 123.78 90.69 226.38 209.25 245V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.28c-30.8 0-40.41 19.12-40.41 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V501C413.31 482.38 504 379.78 504 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-303db33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC9JHx3xUONV6inEUzbjUjAQ\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Youtube<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-youtube\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-50b4831\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/auezovlitart\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-instagram\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.1 141c-63.6 0-114.9 51.3-114.9 114.9s51.3 114.9 114.9 114.9S339 319.5 339 255.9 287.7 141 224.1 141zm0 189.6c-41.1 0-74.7-33.5-74.7-74.7s33.5-74.7 74.7-74.7 74.7 33.5 74.7 74.7-33.6 74.7-74.7 74.7zm146.4-194.3c0 14.9-12 26.8-26.8 26.8-14.9 0-26.8-12-26.8-26.8s12-26.8 26.8-26.8 26.8 12 26.8 26.8zm76.1 27.2c-1.7-35.9-9.9-67.7-36.2-93.9-26.2-26.2-58-34.4-93.9-36.2-37-2.1-147.9-2.1-184.9 0-35.8 1.7-67.6 9.9-93.9 36.1s-34.4 58-36.2 93.9c-2.1 37-2.1 147.9 0 184.9 1.7 35.9 9.9 67.7 36.2 93.9s58 34.4 93.9 36.2c37 2.1 147.9 2.1 184.9 0 35.9-1.7 67.7-9.9 93.9-36.2 26.2-26.2 34.4-58 36.2-93.9 2.1-37 2.1-147.8 0-184.8zM398.8 388c-7.8 19.6-22.9 34.7-42.6 42.6-29.5 11.7-99.5 9-132.1 9s-102.7 2.6-132.1-9c-19.6-7.8-34.7-22.9-42.6-42.6-11.7-29.5-9-99.5-9-132.1s-2.6-102.7 9-132.1c7.8-19.6 22.9-34.7 42.6-42.6 29.5-11.7 99.5-9 132.1-9s102.7-2.6 132.1 9c19.6 7.8 34.7 22.9 42.6 42.6 11.7 29.5 9 99.5 9 132.1s2.7 102.7-9 132.1z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>auezovinstitute.kz \u0420\u0415\u0421\u041c\u0418 \u0421\u0410\u0419\u0422 litart.kz \u0426\u0418\u0424\u0420\u041b\u042b\u049a \u041a\u0406\u0422\u0410\u041f\u0425\u0410\u041d\u0410 \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u044b \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439 \u049a\u04b1\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0439\u04b1\u043b\u044b (1845\u20131904) \u0410\u049b\u044b\u043d, \u0430\u0493\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0448\u044b, \u04b1\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0437, \u0436\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430 \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u04d9\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3, \u049b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u049b \u04d9\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0438 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0456\u043d \u049b\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0443\u0448\u044b, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444, \u0441\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0435\u0440, \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0448\u044b, \u0441\u0430\u044f\u0441\u0438 \u049b\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0435\u0440. \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u04d8\u0440 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0436\u0430\u0437\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u04e9\u043b\u0435\u04a3\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0456\u04a3 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043d\u04b1\u0441\u049b\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b \u04d8\u0440 \u0436\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0436\u0430\u0437\u044b\u043b\u0493\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u044d\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u049b\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043a\u04e9\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0441\u04e9\u0437\u0456 \u0410\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b\u04a3 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044b\u049b \u043c\u04b1\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0411\u0456\u0437\u0433\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435\u043d \u04d9\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u043d \u043a\u04af\u0439\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0456 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7143","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u04d8\u0423\u0415\u0417\u041e\u0412 \u0418\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0418\u0422\u0423\u0422\u042b<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7143\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/?page_id=7143\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/?page_id=7143\",\"name\":\"\u04d8\u0423\u0415\u0417\u041e\u0412 \u0418\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0418\u0422\u0423\u0422\u042b\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/?page_id=7143#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/?page_id=7143#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/banner-1024x77.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-05T13:15:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-19T11:24:46+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/?page_id=7143#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/?page_id=7143\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/?page_id=7143#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/banner-scaled.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/banner-scaled.png\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":194,\"caption\":\"banner\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/?page_id=7143#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"abai01\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0410\u0443\u044d\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\",\"description\":\"Information portal of the Institute of Literature and Art named after Mukhtar Auezov\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"\u04d8\u0423\u0415\u0417\u041e\u0412 \u0418\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0418\u0422\u0423\u0422\u042b\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Auezov Institute\",\"alternateName\":\"\u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u044b\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/logo119-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/logo119-1.png\",\"width\":119,\"height\":123,\"caption\":\"Auezov Institute\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/auezovinstitute.kz\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/auezovinstitute\",\"http:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@AuezovInstitute\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/auezovlitart\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u04d8\u0423\u0415\u0417\u041e\u0412 \u0418\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0418\u0422\u0423\u0422\u042b","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7143","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7143","url":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7143","name":"\u04d8\u0423\u0415\u0417\u041e\u0412 \u0418\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0418\u0422\u0423\u0422\u042b","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7143#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7143#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/banner-1024x77.png","datePublished":"2025-11-05T13:15:23+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-19T11:24:46+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7143#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7143"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7143#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/banner-scaled.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/banner-scaled.png","width":2560,"height":194,"caption":"banner"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?page_id=7143#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"abai01"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/","name":"\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0410\u0443\u044d\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430","description":"Information portal of the Institute of Literature and Art named after Mukhtar Auezov","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/#organization"},"alternateName":"\u04d8\u0423\u0415\u0417\u041e\u0412 \u0418\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0418\u0422\u0423\u0422\u042b","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ru-RU"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/#organization","name":"Auezov Institute","alternateName":"\u04d8\u0443\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u044b","url":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/logo119-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/logo119-1.png","width":119,"height":123,"caption":"Auezov Institute"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/auezovinstitute","http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@AuezovInstitute","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/auezovlitart\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7143"}],"version-history":[{"count":145,"href":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12969,"href":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7143\/revisions\/12969"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/auezovinstitute.kz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}